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Tree planting project in Blata l-Bajda, Ħamrun and Lija

During this project trees have been planted in schools located in Malta's main urban centre by hundreds of volunteers, teachers and young students.

Tree planting project in Blata l-Bajda, Ħamrun and Lija

During this project trees have been planted in schools located in Malta's main urban centre by hundreds of volunteers, teachers and young students.

Establishing an experimental green roof in association with a greywater recycling system

Combined Greywater Recycling System & Pilot Green Roof Application. The objectives of this project were to recycle grey water for the irrigation of the green roof during the dry months, and to test the potential use of Maltese indigenous plants in a pilot green roof application.

Establishing an experimental green roof in association with a greywater recycling system

Combined Greywater Recycling System & Pilot Green Roof Application. The objectives of this project were to recycle grey water for the irrigation of the green roof during the dry months and to test the potential use of Maltese indigenous plants in a pilot green roof application.

Providing nature-based recreation, tourism and access to cultural heritage whilst protecting and conserving natural heritage.

Providing nature-based recreation, tourism and access to cultural heritage whilst protecting and conserving natural heritage. An ecological restoration project is taking place below Manikata in an attempt to reverse the widespread damage and disturbance caused by years of illegal dumping. Native trees, shrubs and smaller plants are being planted and taken care of in the area after an extensive cleaning effort. Over 1300 plants were planted including: Olives, Sandarac Gum Tree, Evergreen oak, Carob, Lentisk, Wolfbane, Myrtle, Rockrose, Golden Samphire. Protect a number of historical and archaeological sites. The park aims to provide a space to encourage an active lifestyle while becoming aware of the natural heritage of the area. Educational school visits are held during the cooler months while summer sees more of a focus on the coast with guided snorkelling sessions offered at the beautiful sandy beach of Golden Bay which has been designated as Beach of Quality according to international Blue Flag criteria. (Il-Majjistral, 2019).

Providing forage for honey bees and sustainable management of surface water

Provision of wildflower for pollinators and wild bees and honey bees, and for the production of honey. Water falling within the premises is also directed to watercourses valleys and/or reservoirs that recharge the groundwater bodies.

Providing forage for honey bees and sustainable management of surface water

Constructing a demonstration green roof

Setting up of 2 green roofs for study and demonstrative purposes using methods of construction most suitable for the southern Mediterranean climate. (LifeMedGreenRoof Project, (s.a.).

Constructing a demonstration green roof

Setting up of 2 green roofs for study and demonstrative purposes using methods of construction most suitable for the southern Mediterranean climate. (LifeMedGreenRoof Project, (s.a.).

Transforming spaces into gardens

The setting up of a demonstration green wall and the transformation of an urban space into a community garden where people will come together to learn to grow their crops and herbs. This project aims to develop a sense of ownership and belonging for all stakeholders and positively contribute to the therapeutic needs of these Maltese communities.

Transforming spaces into gardens

A community-driven afforestation project

A total of 1038 shrubs and trees have been planted throughout the Island, and activities have been organised to help combat the spread of invasive alien species, and Educational activities were held around the Islands, including visits to schools to educate children on related environmental issues. Seeds of indigenous flora are being collected in order to assemble a gene bank, and all extra seeds distributed free of charge to members. A nursery has been set up containing more than 1,000 saplings spanning over 30 species, as well as an apiary on a specially chosen site. (The Grow 10 Trees Project, (s.a.).

Reforestation at is-Salina Nature Reserve

Reforestation and habitat restoration project carried out at is-Salina.

Reforestation at is-Salina Nature Reserve

Reforestation and habitat restoration project carried out at is-Salina.

Introduction of rare species to Wied il-Għasel

Introduction of rare tree species to Wied il-Għasel.

Reforestation of the Mizieb Woodland

Reforestation of L-Aħrax tal-Mellieħa Woodland

Increasing biodiverity in Wied Musa through the planting of indigenous trees and shrubs

Increasing biodiversity in the Wied Musa valley through the planting of indigenous trees and shrubs.

Increasing biodiverity in Wied Musa through the planting of indigenous trees and shrubs

Increasing biodiverity in the Wied Musa valley through the planting of indigenous trees and shrubs.

LIFE+ Life Saving Buskett: Ecological restoration of valley watercourse and other habitats at Buskett

Removal of alien species that are competing with native species; planting of new trees characteristic of the targeted habitats; the introduction of soil stabilisation measures; restoration of footpaths to reduce damage from random trampling by visitors; the retaining walls and arched buttresses along the watercourse have been repaired, restored and/or rebuilt; selective removal of silt and boulders from parts of the watercourse that are affecting negatively the targeted habitats. (The Life Saving Buskett, 2018).

LIFE+ Life Saving Buskett: Ecological restoration of valley watercourse and other habitats at Buskett

Planting of a variety of trees and shrubs at the Marsascala Family Park and the Xrobb l-Għaġin Nature Park

The Sant'Antnin Family Park is intended as a leisure area for both local and foreign visitors. In addition to the recreational park, works have also included the restoration of St. Anthony’s Chapel and the construction of a visitor centre, which serves as an education centre on waste management. Visitors can observe, interact and take pictures of our animals at their leisure. In addition, depending on the season, one might also have a glimpse of newborns huddled against their mothers. Our pens include: pygmy goats, sheep, goats, a llama, chickens and a horse. (Ambjent Malta, (s.a.).

Planting of a variety of trees and shrubs at the Marsascala Family Park and the Xrobb l-Għaġin Nature Park

Habitat restoration and removal of invasive alien species at Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq

Habitat restoration and removal of invasive alien species at Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq.

Habitat restoration and removal of invasive alien species at Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq

Ecological restoration at Wied Blandun

Ecological restoration of abandoned land in the Swatar urban area

Ecological restoration of abandoned land in an urban area in Swatar. More than 230 shrubs from a total of 8 species were planted during this restoration project.

Ecological restoration of abandoned land in the Swatar urban area

Ecological restoration of abandoned land in an urban area in Swatar. More than 230 shrubs from a total of 8 species were planted during this restoration project.

Ecological restoration of Wied Ħesri

Habitat restoration of the valley banks, removal of litter, removal of invasive alien species and planting of indigenous riparian trees and shrubs. A total of nearly 600 shrubs and 3 species were planted within the valley during this restoration project.

Ecological restoration of Wied iċ-Ċawsli

Habitat restoration of the valley banks, removal of litter, removal of invasive alien species and planting of indigenous riparian trees and shrubs. A total of around 400 shrubs and 6 species were planted within the valley during this restoration project.

Ecological restoration of Wied il-Kbir.

Habitat restoration of the valley banks, removal of litter, removal of invasive alien species and planting of indigenous riparian trees and shrubs. A total of 200 shrubs and 4 species were planted within the valley during this restoration project.

Habitat restoration of maquis and woodland habitats in Comino

This project aims to carry out habitat restoration of specific sites located in the central west part of the island of Comino. The sites restored have a total area of 5,600 m2 and cover a distance of 1,759 m. Around 4,500 trees and shrubs are expected to be planted depending on the terrain but planting is only taking place in abandoned fields and trampled areas (ERA, 2019).

Habitat restoration of maquis and woodland habitats in Comino

Removal of invasive alien species and planting of indigenous trees and shrubs at Zonqor Point

Removal of invasive alien spcies and planting of indigenous trees and shrubs at Zonqor Point

Removal of invasive alien species and habitat restoration of the area surrounding Fort Madliena

Removal of invasive alien species and planting of indigenous trees and shrubs

Removal of invasive alien species and habitat restoration of the area surrounding Fort Madliena

Removal of invasive alien species and planting of indigenous trees and shrubs.

Habitat restoration and planting of indigenous trees and shrubs at Marsaxlokk

Planting of a variety of trees and shrubs at Ġnien il-Mediterran urban garden in Paola

Over 13,000 trees and shrubs will be planted during the renovation of the Mediterranean Gardens in Paola, as part of a regeneration project aiming to encourage more people to visit for recreational purposes

Distribution of native trees and shrubs to farmers

Planting of trees and shrubs in various urban gardens and local councils in Malta and Gozo

Soft landscaping of soft areas at Ggantija Temples in Gozo

Planting of trees and shrubs in rural areas

Comino - Habitat restoration of specific sites on the island

Habitat restoration of specific sites on the island

Buskett - Habitat restoration of specific sites via the planting of indignous trees and shrub

Habitat restoration of specific sites via the planting of indigenous trees and shrub

Buskett - Habitat restoration of specific sites via the planting of indignous trees and shrub

Habitat restoration of specific sites via the planting of indigenous trees and shrub

Buskett - Habitat restoration of specific sites via the planting of indignous trees and shrub

Habitat restoration of specific sites via the planting of indigenous trees and shrub

Majjistral Nature and Heritage Park - Habitat restoration of specific sites via the planting of indignous trees and shrub

Habitat restoration of specific sites via the planting of indigenous trees and shrub

Inwadar Park - Habitat restoration of site at Golf il-Kbir

Habitat restoration, removal of litter, removal of invasive alien species and planting of indigenous riparian trees and shrubs.

The Paris greening programme

Getting the city ready for the hazards of climate change by supplying a consistent urban green infrastructure and ameliorating access to and use of natural spaces for the well‐being of citizens: • Planting of vegetation as a feature of all new constructions; • planting of vegetation in 100 additional hectares of facades and roofs in Paris, 1/3 of which may be used for the production of fruit and vegetables; • 30 hectares of new green spaces in Paris; • 20,000 additional trees in Paris; • 200 local areas to be planted as part of the Paris Biodiversity Plan: • Studying and defining the green and blue infrastructure framework approved by the Grenelle process; • Strengthening the green network and its function as an ecological corridor. (IUCN, 2019).

Wise water management in Mediterranean marshes

Using a water volume simulator "Mar-O-Sel", in the context of the ecosystem-based management aimed at keeping marshes healthy by following natural cycles as much as possible in order to ensure their resilience while enabling shared and sustainable use of resources. Mar-O-Sel is an Open Internet Access interface tool designed to promote sustainable water management by multiple users of Mediterranean marshes. This simulator calculates the volumes of water needed to reach a desired water level during the different months of the year, based on past, present, and future climatic conditions. The tool also allows users to visualise the impact of different water management approaches on the evolution of groundwater and surface water salinity, as well as the growth of emerging and submerged vegetation in marshes. Consultation among stakeholders to determine water levels in marshes for productive activities is a complex but essential operation, which enables stakeholders to share the same territory and ensure that their activities are compatible. When marsh stakeholders use a water volume simulator, such as Mar-O-Sel, they can agree on a variety of activities while protecting water and ecosystems. (Tour du Valat, 2020).

Petit Saint-Jean Estate

The estate covers 100 hectares. It consists of pine groves, marshes, and semi-natural (agricultural) habitats of great ecological value, which can be a showcase for agroecology. The management of the Estate has been built around the conservation of natural environments and their biodiversity, while implementing a productive, sustainable, autonomous and economically viable agricultural system to optimise its transfer to other projects. The species selected adapt well to climate change (increased number of hot days in summer). They include fruit and nut trees, such as almond, pomegranate, pear, and pistachio. Proper care of newly planted trees (watering, weeding, physical protection against herbivores) which is crucial during the first two years (especially in the Mediterranean region) has been implemented. Legumes have been planted between rows with the aim of improving soil quality by fixing nitrogen, thus making the system more resilient. The choice of grape varieties has also taken into account their resistance to high temperatures and low summer precipitation. (Tour du Valat, 2020).

Tourtoulen Riverine Woodland

Passive restoration of the riparian woodland; ecosystem-based management aiming to support the restoration of the riparian zone and monitor its good health (e.g. diversity in species composition) to ensure its long-term resilience; monitoring of the forest structure (Tour du Valat, 2020).

Trees Master Plan

The creation of a network of trees as a green infrastructure as part of the Trees Master Plan. The plan has the overall objective of maintaining a well-managed, thriving and biodiverse woodland to enhance green corridors and deal with the urban heat island effect. (IUCN, 2019). As an illustration, some examples are provided below on theway the challenge of climate change is currently being addressed through the actions envisaged in the Barcelona Trees Master Plan: • Species are selected for their suitability to the environmental conditions and resilience when faced with water and heat stress. Moreover, the city’s aim is not to allow trees of any one species to exceed 15% of the total of street trees in Barcelona. The logic behind this approach, which is being implemented gradually, is to avoid problems of vulnerability to pests and diseases inherent in mono-specific populations. The trees selected are preferably native species that are the most resistant to pests and diseases and best adapted to the low availability of water. When needed, pest control is mainly carried out using biological means. • A limiting factor for street trees is that they usually have very little space in the ground for the roots, and are planted compact soil with little structure and scarce organic ma

Urban green corridor “Passeig de Sant Joan”

The development of the green corridor also involved tree and shrub-planting the installation of permeable green pavements. (IUCN, 2019).

Fuensanta Community Ecological Garden

The neighbors of the Fuensanta in Cordoba have reclaimed a derelict public plot of the old Fuensanta cinema to transform it into a social and ecological garden. All the activities include also community involvement: co-planning, co-management/joint management, joint implementation (e.g. tree-planting), walks around the neighborhood, workshops on building recycled furniture, urban vegetable garden workshops and workshops on urbanism for children. All these activities took place on the plot, with the creation of a vegetable garden being the most popular activity (Anon, s.a.; Naturvation project, 2019; Equipo del Huerto Fuensanta, 2013)

Living wall at the College of Architecture

Building a vegetable facade with a low irrigation system (Naturvation project, 2020).

Outdoor Living Wall at Mount Gurugú

The outdoor living wall at Mount Gurugú has been created with an interesting planting palette (species: Heuchera sp., Senecio cineraria, Cerastium tormentosum, Erigeron karvinskianus, etc.). (Terapia Urbana, 2020).

Conditioning and connection of green areas from the surroundings of the Severo Ochoa Square to the Ensanche Park in Cartagena municipality

The pilot action is the result of ingenious initiatives that mitigate the high temperatures in the hours of greater daily insolation to its inhabitants, favouring the infiltration of water in episodes of rain and the fixation of CO2 of the contamination through the vegetation. The creation of shaded spaces will be done with the introduction of well adapted native and allochthonous tree species, expanding tree-beds, introducing pergolas and pergolas with green roofs into the urban furniture, using the same climbing species, together with the construction of benches to rest the pedestrians. (lifeadapte, 2021).

P2GREeN

The integration of the Urban Biodiversity Plan adding Value to the City Green Areas, so citizens can enjoy/respect them. Moreover, the project should aid in increasing awareness of the relevance and added value of autochthonous species. Thus, sensitising, educating and involving citizens and local stakeholders through strong leadership is among the principal objectives to be achieved. As a consequence, a holistic strategy (P2GREeN) addressing the need to promote biodiversity in the city context, was developed. (URBACT, 2019).

CO-producing Nature-based solutions and restored Ecosystems: transdisciplinary neXus for Urban Sustainability

Creation of Life-Labs at the city level where green infrastructure strategies, biodiversity and renaturing plans are tested as well as NBT methods and their potential for biodiversity and ecosystem service provisioning. The project combines NBT for sustainable urbanisation, using place-making, place-keeping and place-prescribing approaches. Actions will demonstrate how a place-based approach can incorporate NbS into the cultural imaginary and social life of cities. CONEXUS will promote visions of urban futures with nature-based cities and urbanisation contributing positively to reconnecting people with nature.

Implementation of Healthy Corridors in Porto

The project combines the perspectives of environmental, urban and social cohesion based on Nature Based Solutions (NbS) in order to improve the quality of life of the local population. The intention is to connect the eastern part of the city with the center by walking routes, small gardens, vegetable gardens, or other green solutions, make life easier for residents and attract tourists and visitors. Given the intention to implement new healthy corridors, the study area includes the most important strategic green areas (Parque Oriental, Praça da Corujeira, Quinta da Bonjóia, the municipality of Horto), services (schools, industry, health centers, local associations), as well as future projects, will soon take place in Campanhã (extension of Parque Oriental, Novo Matadouro, Monte da Bela). The Healthy Corridor design should formulate as many existing strategic areas as possible to be inclusive, reach more users and eliminate local fragmentation and disconnection. Actions are focused on implementing healthy corridors for the neighborhood of Campanhã through innovative and inclusive urban renewal, starting with joint construction and joint implementation of NbS with the participation of the local community.

Scaling up rewilding in the greater Coa Valley

Rewilding of the Côa Valley area: Natural and semi-natural habitats restoration actions of the most exciting wild areas of the Iberian Peninsula on a larger scale will provide benefits to wildlife including Iberian wolf, Iberian ibex, red deer and roe deer, all thriving in natural densities. Nature-based economy: In combination with some of the old local traditions and products, this new wild dimension has created new sources of income and pride for the region's inhabitants. Grassland restoration will provide benefits to prey species of wolf and birds of prey. Landscape heterogeneity will be favoured in areas of shrub encroachment and areas where the seed bank has been affected due to the recurring fires will be restored. These restored sites will also improve the connectivity within the project area. Stakeholder Engagement and Awareness: Seminars, peer-to-peer exchanges of practices and field visits will be promoted in order to disseminate best practices, inform about project actions and raise awareness on different topics.

Plantar agua- Forestal restoration of Serra do Caldeirao

Rehabilitation of underground aquifers in areas by the planting of native trees and shrubs. The aim is to reverse the degradation of the landscape and ecosystems affected by the fire and to restore their important functions and services, which are fundamental to the environmental balance and well-being of communities. One of the important estimated benefits is the recovery of more and higher quality water for all uses and thousands of users. It is estimated with the mature forest in 2050 that there will be a recovery of 200-250 million liters of water/year, a gain of about 20% in the amount of water that will supply the underground aquifers. The restoration work will involve: - Removing invasive species; - Planting of 50,000 Mediterranean trees and shrubs; - Recovery of riparian galleries; - Monitoring of water, soil and biodiversity.

Rehabilitation of the "Campo Grande" garden southern area

Regeneration of an urban park based on NbS, incorporating biodiversity and renaturing initiatives. Implementation of natural acoustic barriers along the entire perimeter of the garden, which are made by mounds of soil arranged interchangeably between themselves doubling the surface area.

River banks rehabilitation programme

This program for the rehabilitation of beds and riverbanks across the country is expected to cover 5,000 kilometers of water lines over the next few years. The initiative multiplies by five the work carried out after the 2017 fires, which allowed intervention, with natural engineering solutions, in the recovery of almost one thousand kilometers of riparian galleries in 57 municipalities in the Center and North of the Country. Implementing hydraulic passages of dams and pontoons, always using natural-based engineering, besides that many trees have been planted. The intention is not only to renaturalize water courses but to rehabilitate, on its margins, the riparian galleries for which, in an urban context, there is often no space.

Life my Building is green

NBS prototypes will be installed on facades and partitions, roofs, external surfaces and parking lots for each pilot building selected. In addition, this installation will be complemented by the implementation of sustainable measures of induced natural ventilation, seasonal shading (natural and artificial) and the choice of native species from the Mediterranean and Atlantic areas. The project aims to analyze the impact of nature-based solutions as measures to adapt to climate change in three pilot buildings, two schools and a social services center. Thus, sustainable adaptation measures based on ecosystems will be promoted, increasing the capacity to apply the knowledge acquired in practice through the demonstration and dissemination of workshops.

Life my Building is green

The green roof of the Ministry of Economics and Finance

One of the main aims of this initiative was to furnish a research roof to evaluate the thermodynamic effect of a green roof in hot Athens. Two studies of the thermodynamics of the roof were carried out (in September 2008 and August 2009), which concluded that the thermal performance of the building was significantly impacted by the installation. Energy savings of 50% were noted for air conditioning on the floor directly under the installation. The ten-floor building has a total floor area of 1.4 hectares. The green roof is spread over 650 m2, equalling 52% of the roof space and 8% of the total floor space. Despite this limited area, energy savings adding up to €5,630 per annum were recorded, which translates to a 9% saving in air conditioning and a 4% saving in heating costs for the whole building. The research established that both the micro-climate and biodiversity of Constitution Square, in Athens, Greece had been ameliorated. Athens, like the rest of Greece generally, is a hotspot of seismic activity, so one of the principal limitations of this installation was an acceptable load. The wet weight of the build-up is under 50 kg/m2. The lightweight was achieved by incorporating an array of strategies, including shallow substrate depth (under 10 cm) and lightweight substrates. Wh

Thessaloniki Resilience Strategy

The city develops limited open spaces while at the same time creating spaces for social interaction. It offers solutions such as an augmented green infrastructure (permeable surfaces, rain gardens, and green roofs and walls to manage stormwater and buffer the 'heat island effect) and low-cost solutions such as urban agriculture in inner courtyards, and on private balconies and rooftops. Actions 01: Create a new natural landscape within the built environment: A sidewalk bioswale network to gather stormwater will be set up. This will help with the reduction of heat risks and carbon emissions in the city. It will also afford habitats for urban fauna. The bioswale sidewalk network will contribute towards linking the city's cultural sites, such as the Roman Forum and Eptapirgio Castle. The creation of green routes connecting places of cultural and leisure interest will enhance the spatial quality of the city while augmenting the local sense of identity and the appeal of cultural heritage sites. Cycle lanes may also be included, adding to the network of carbon-free urban transportation routes. Action 02: Install green roofs and green walls on schools and municipal buildings: The bioswale sidewalk network will be augmented by the use of green walls and roofs on several public build

Bird conservation in Lesser Prespa

Preparatory Actions The preparatory actions, form the first and most important phase of the project, as they pave the way for the conservation actions that will follow. The optimal implementation of the conservation interventions requires the prior conduction of specific studies that will set the specifications. Actions: A1. Assessment of wetland vegetation management A2. Guidelines for wetland vegetation management A3. Technical studies for the restoration of function of stream mouths A4. Feasibility study for alternative uses of reed biomass A5. Guidelines for responding to incidences of disease outbreak in pelicans A6. Assessment of habitat vulnerability to climate change to establish “climate change proof” wetland vegetation management. Conservation Actions The conservation actions form the main part of the project and their implementation is based on the directions and specifications that arise from the preparatory actions. They include the management of the wetland vegetation in specific sites which the relevant studies will determine.

Ljubljanica Connects

Restoration of the Ljubljanica River corridor and upgrading of the river’s flow regime: The goal of the project is to enhance the transitivity and connectivity of Natura 2000 sites, by restoring the functionality of the Ljubljanica corridor linking two Natura 2000 sites, i.e. Ljubljansko barge (Ljubljana Marshes) and Sava–Medvode–Kresnice. The project aims will be reached through the removal of fish migration barriers, through the upgrading of the water regime, thus restoring habitats, through upgrading the water infrastructure, water management, and establishment of hydrological monitoring. The earmarked fish species whose habitats are to be ameliorated are Danube salmon (Hucho hucho L.), Danube roach (Rutilus pigus Heckel) and Striped chub (Leuciscus souffia Risso). (University of Ljubljana, 2015). At the outset, the river engineering measures will include the sealing of the weir situated before the railway bridge over the Ljubljanica in Zalog. Thus, during arid conditions, the water level shall not be diminished and the conditions in the oxbows of the Ljubljanica upstream will get better. The fishways at the dam at the Fužine Castle and the sluice gate at the Ambrose Square will be refurbished and repristinated. This will permit the migration of fish, which is now severely

Jezzine Reforestation Project

During this project 52,792 trees have been planted by more than 300 volunteers in a mountainous area of 80ha located in Lebanon. (Jouzour Loubnan, 2019)

Water LA

Given the city’s environmental challenges, the Water LA program and its collaboratives build pathways to partnerships between agencies, non-government organizations, and the private sector to realise work at all levels. Through a case-study of a parcel-scale water management project in the City of Los Angeles, they explore the social, environmental, and economic impacts of retrofitting residential property into spaces of water capture, conservation, and reuse. These interventions transform parcels into spaces that help heal and improve the urban environment and improve quality of life. To highlight the targeted, small-scale nature of these strategies, they refer to this approach as “urban acupuncture.” Water LA provides a case study of 22 parcel-based retrofits (rain grading/rain gardens, infiltration trenches, permeable paving, parkway retrofits) carried out in LA’s San Fernando Valley. Detailing the program’s successes and hurdles, they aim to provide actionable information for urban stakeholders seeking to implement parcel-scale, nature-based solutions across their cities in a widespread, systematic manner. Over the course of the Water LA programme, the project team was able to amend a number of restrictive building codes, developing a streamlined greywater system permitti

Vertical Forest

Milan’s Vertical Forest is made up of two towers of 80 and 112 meters respectively, accommodating 480 large and medium trees, 300 small trees, 11,000 perennial and covering plants and 5,000 shrubs over an urban surface of 1,500 m2, serving as the equivalent of 20,000 m2 of forest and undergrowth. The selection of species and their distribution according to the orientation and height of façades is the fruit of three years of studies carried out together with a group of botanists and ethologists. The plants which are uutilised on the building were pre-cultivated in a nursery so as to accustom them to conditions akin to those prevailing on the balconies. Subsequent to micro-meteorological studies, a calculation of irrigation requirements was accomplished by examining climatic characteristics and was diversified to cover all the planting areas by taking into account the exposure of each façade and the distribution of vegetation on each floor. (Boeri Studio, 2020). The living wall system was completely integrated into the facade construction, with plants and planting media being both located on the vertical surface of the exterior walls. Thanks to this setup, the irrigation systems can be complemented by rain sensors to render the living wall's needed irrigation more efficient and sus

Urbanhort Catania

The Urbanhort project promotes agricultural production developed in the urban areas of Cibali, Foce del Simeto, ring road and industrial area with various types of systems, ranging from conventional to organic, from biodynamic to soilless, indoor, farming and vertical farming. So as to reach the goals, the University of Catania in collaboration with the municipality pinpointed specific areas suitable for intervention in order to start the cultivation of the products. The selection of the products will be following the seasonal cycle of cultivation, by promoting at the same time local practices of cultivation, and cultivation will be done by local citizens willing to participate. In this manner, it will be possible to evaluate the productive potential of the system and the quality of the products, verify the positive effects on the city and analyze the costs. The aim is to reach goals such as improved quality of food provision, and higher-quality green space usage (Comune di Catania, 2017; Naturvation, 2020).

Green cities and urban forests – Sicilian spring

The project came about as a result of a collaboration among residents, artists and shop owners who are planning the regeneration of the area, which is presently in a state of decay and fully supported by the municipality.

Constructed wetlands system for wastewater treatment in the village of Castelluccio di Norcia

A Contructed wetlands system for wastewater management has been implemented. In the first stage, a French system (with "French " vertical flow reed bed filters - RBF) of purification has been implemented. The second stage consisted of two vertical subsurface flow basins (VF), confluent in two surface flow systems, which will provide the recreational aspects of recreating wetlands with typical aquatic plants of the plateau and will promote the evapotranspiration processes. The effluent is finally reused for groundwater recharge, by an infiltration area connected to a sub-irrigation trench. (IRIDRA, 2021).

Rainwater harvesting at Kerakoll research centre

Rainwater harvesting (reused for irrigation and bioclimatic cooling) and landscaping through the integrated open-water tank (IRIDRA, 2021).

A green wall as an approach in treated grey water reuse at Margarita beach

Reuse of treated grey water for gardening, through the created outdoor green wall at Margarita beach. (IRIDRA, 2021).

Constructed wetland for the treatment of wastewater from the Checchi & Sons winery

A constructed wetlands system for wastewater management has been implemented. In the first stage, a French system (with "French" vertical-flow reed-bed filters - RBF) of purification has been implemented. The second stage consists of four horizontal subsurface flow basins (HF), confluent into the Free Water Surface (FWS) CW. The effluent is finally reused for irrigation. (IRIDRA, 2021).

Combined sewer overflow of Gorla Maggiore (CSO): The "Water Park"

A treatment plant was set up for the treatment of the first flush coming from the CSO device and from an extended retention basin for the accumulation and the slow release in the river of the second flush. It consists of 4 sand filters, vertical beds, and a retention basin. A small flux is permanently diverted from the river to feed a small pool located on the bottom of the extended retention basin, to permit the development of a highly diversified ecosystem that will offer multiple pathways for the removal/control of several pollutants.

Constructed wetlands system and reuse of wastewater treatment in the village of Sarra

Implemented nature-based solutions (NbS) as green infrastructure through CWs with horizontal subsurface flow (HF) and vertical subsurface flow (VF) for wastewater treatment and sustainable drainage systems (SuDS). The plant is composed of: 1. pre-treatment with a mechanical screen (cochlea-type filter); 2. primary treatment with two tanks Imhoff in parallel; 3. secondary treatment using the 1st stage with vertical subsurface flow system (6 tanks in parallel, 1500 m2); 2nd stage (6 tanks in parallel, 3000 m2); each vertical flow system is provided by gravity and takes advantage of the different levels using self-priming siphon; 4. sharpening and accumulation pond for irrigation purposes; 5. CWs systems for the sludge extracted from the Imhoff tanks. (IRIDRA, 2021).

Constructed wetlands system in a Bedouin village in Westbank (Palestine)

Separation, treatment with a constructed wetland, and reuse of greywater from a Bedouin village in Palestine. The treated greywater is reused for irrigation of olive trees and fodder. (IDIRIA, 2021).

Conservation of maquis vegetation

1. Conducting fieldworks in Marmaris region to study woody plant diversity in maquis vegetation. 2. Running lab test with leaf samples of maquis species. 3. Evaluating field data in terms of species richness and diversity and lab results to determine the resilience and resistance of maquis habitats. 4. Working with local foresters, related departments of General Directorate of Forestry, NGOs etc. to highlight the value of maquis vegetation and take actions for conservation strategies. 5. Preparing a technical report to disseminate widely (especially to Mediterranean countries).

Ecological restoration of Wied il-Kbir

A rain-garden and constructed wetland as green infrastructure for sustainable urban water-management in the residential area of Preganziol

A rain garden and constructed wetland have been created as green infrastructure for sustainable urban water management. (IRIDRA, 2021).

Green roof on an underground parking

This underground garage in Alicante Spain was provided with special treatment “with a green roof makeover". The garden is ultra low‐maintenance and doesn't require any irrigation at all. It is located in a relatively protected area, within the inner courtyards and at the entrance of the building, and this feature has enabled a rise in the number of species and an increase in the variety of colours “that would otherwise have been more limited in a more exposed area”. (IUCN, 2019; Naturvation project, 2019).

Reforestation of the Ta' Qali national park

RUIS project – urban regeneration and security, Sferracavallo

The RUIS project (Riqualificazione urbana e sicurezza) centres on the urban redevelopment and security of the suburbs identified in the San Filippo Neri - Zen, Marinella, Sferracavallo, Partanna areas and is based on the implementation of interventions for the regeneration of dilapidated urban areas, through the promotion of environment quality improvement projects - urban decoration, maintenance, re-use and re-functionalisation of public areas and existing building structures - as well as for urban safety and strengthening the resilience of the areas The project also has the goal of increasing territorial security and urban resilience capacity; improving urban performance, also with reference to sustainable mobility; and developing practices - such as those of NGOs and the civil service - for social inclusion and for the creation of new metropolitan welfare models, also with reference to the adaptation of infrastructures aimed at sustaining social and cultural, educational and didactic services, as well as for cultural and educational activities promoted by public and private entities. (Naturvation, 2020; Consiglio dei Ministri, 2016).

Regeneration of the Ġnien l-Għarusa tal-Mosta public garden and planting of a wide variety of trees and shrubs

More than 2,200 trees and shrubs have been planted, 4,300 metres squared of paving was laid, the facilities, paths and passageway were restored and safety features were installed.

A roof garden as a community green space in Valletta urban area

A roof garden has been set up on the main building of the Cluster, which will include various features including a small pond and a lot of green spaces with mainly indigenous shrubs and trees. It will also be used to promote green initiatives linked to environmental education through the installation of facilities suitable for holding meetings for small groups of participants. (Valletta Design Cluster, (s.a.).

Constructed wetland for treatment of wastewater from a dairy farm: cooperatva Fattoria della Piana Societa` Agricola

Implemented nature-based solutions (NbS) as green infrastructure through CWs with horizontal subsurface flow (HF) for wastewater treatment (IRIDRA, 2021).

Habitat restoration and planting of indigenous trees and shrubs at Ta' Qali

Habitat restoration and planting of indigenous trees and shrubs at Ta' Qali.

Panatanha stream re-naturalization and Urgeirica's new tailings dam

Re-naturalization of the stream's original bed. Environmental recovery of the hazardous ore tailings of the Urgeiriça Mine, by reconditioning, slope stabilization, sealing with liners, drainage and monitoring of the backfills of the tailing dam, involving mining ore tailings with a high concentration of heavy metals and radioactive elements. Landscape rehabilitation.

Conservation Works at Il-Magħluq ta' Marsaskala Coastal Lagoon

A variety of actions, including regular cleaning of coastal lagoons; preparation of actions for long-term solutions including dredging and hydrological improvements; installation of aeration system to improve circulation and aesthetic impact; use of Floating Treatment Wetlands and other NBS to improve water quality; the involvement of locals; volunteers and students in the restoration of the site

Conservation Works at il-Ballut ta' Marsaxlokk Salt Marsh

Actions including maintenance of the site, and the planting of trees, shrubs, grasses, sedges and rushes. The site is being prepared for the reintroduction of Mediterranean killifish, whilst coastal erosion is being monitored. Site access will be secured to minimise trampling on protected habitats

Planting of a variety of trees and shrubs at the Xrobb l-Għaġin Nature Park

Renaturalization of the banks of the Ouro river

Renaturing of the river banks and creation of natural space for recreation and tourism located in a riverside area. This project also contributes to the achievement of the following indicator: Implementation of specific strategies for the valorisation of endogenous resources.

Establishing Nature and Heritage Parks in Malta's Grand Harbour areas for nature-based tourism and education

The park promotes ecotourism and nature-based tourism is promoted through the organisation of nature walks and trekking in the surrounding areas. The park experience promotes health and well-being since visitors can enjoy the physical, psychological and spiritual benefits by being closer to nature. Moreover, the planting of trees in the Park helps to mitigate the effects of climate change. (Nature Trust Malta, 2019a, 2019b).

Vegetal wall of a Bus Station

Promotion of an urban sustainable mobility model. The construction of a new principal bus station in the city of Aix‐enProvence, inaugurated in 2014, is part of an attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and encourage users to go for bus transport. Part of this project, a vegetal wall 210 metres in length and 8 metres in height, has been implemented to reduce visual, noise and air pollution. (IUCN, 2019; Naturvation project, 2019).

Waterfront District

This intervention is one aspect of a broader master plan covering harbours and seacoast in Palermo, centering in particular on the Cala coastal area. The waterfront has relevance for the city not only as a harbour, but for its physical-emotional, intellectual and aesthetic impact as well. In particular, the Molo Trapezoidale can turn into the new “water district” in which compatible port functions will be integrated with the current urban functions and the new residential areas together with the new cultural and recreational services, with new infrastructures connected to natural features such as green areas and trees. The aims of the intervention are the improvement of the accessibility and functionality of the coastal area and the harbour area. What the city would like is to improve its port functions, and integrate them with urban services, residences and local area services whose purpose is to provide a natural space which connects the city with the coast. To reach the above-mentioned goals, the city is willing to improve the area surrounding the coast by furnishing small green areas and trees which will contribute to the creation of new points of meeting in the area and enhance economic activities. (Naturvation, 2020).

Creation of a wooded area with drip irrigation using treated water in the municipality of Aguilas.

This wooded area has been designed taking into account the different habitats of community interest in the Mediterranean biogeographic region in which the municipality of Águilas is located. From here, we have tried to reproduce them in 8 bioclimatic vegetation floors. Based on endemic vegetation and the arid conditions of our location, we thought it would be possible to create a forest area with a low water demand within the city. Thus we would be increasing the wooded areas around the urban area and the volume of water for urban irrigation by using treated water which is usually discarded in the sea, hence making use of surplus water from the municipal wastewater treatment plant. The action starts in the water treatment plant located in Las Mascaras Street (“El Labradorcico” industrial estate) from where a pipeline flows to a water pump responsible to raise the treated water to two 35 m3 tanks using solar power, from where this waterfalls down (by gravity) to the reservoir created within the framework of this project wooded area, which is located at 1.3 km from the treatment plant. (lifedapte, 2021).

Urban Rooftop Farming in the Greater Cairo Region

Rooftop farming has been applied at several locations in the Greater Cairo Region as an adaptation intervention that serves to limit localised heat stress, ameliorate living conditions and generate income, in conjunction with technical capacity-building training familiarising the trainees with several options for cultivating the crops. The crops grown were jarjeer (Eruca sativa, ‘Rucola’), mint (Mentha spicata), molokhia (Corchorus sp.), onion, cherry tomatoes, strawberries and flowers. Besides the hydroponic system (waterbeds on the floor), a hydroponic system on tables and a soil-based system on tables were tested. Throughout the cultivation period, the project was technically supported and monitored. (Schuck, 2016). Parametric studies have been realised with the aim of measuring the impact of RTF on the micro-climate through simulations, measuring micro-climatic aspects before and after project implementation. (Fangary, 2019). The Rooftop Farming Hubs project was implemented (2017-2018) to support a local sustainable social-business model in order to strengthen the social and economic aspects of the project, while looking at RTF from a community development perspective (Fangary, 2019; Farag, 2020).

Planting of a variety of trees and shrubs at the Marsascala Family Park

Establishing Nature and Heritage Parks in Malta's Grand Harbour areas for nature-based tourism and education

Community Gardens Albanese

144 community gardens were created in Campalto, Ca'Emiliani and Albanese following a change in the method of management of green areas and urban development within the Venice area, as the new Municipality Regulatory Plan for the Protection and Promotion of Green Areas in the City. (Naturvation project, 2020).

RUIS project – urban regeneration and security, Zen

Habitat restoration and planting of indigenous trees and shrubs at Ta' Qali

Community Gardens Ca'Emiliani

Community Gardens Campalto

RUIS project – urban regeneration and security, Partanna

Regeneration of the Ġnien l-Għarusa tal-Mosta public garden and planting of a wide variety of trees and shrubs

More than 2,200 trees and shrubs have been planted, 4,300 meters squared of paving was laid, the facilities, paths and passageway were restored and safety features were installed

LIFE TERRACESCAPE Project

For the purposes of the Project, the team established the baseline for the biodiversity and climatic conditions at the project area. Field visits took place for invertebrates, reptiles, mammals, pollinators, and plants, while seeds from local varieties have been collected and have been multiplied. Soil profiles’ analyses were also conducted along with reports for organic matter content, decomposition rates, erosion and fire risk. Also, a series of meteorological stations were installed for the measurement of basic meteorological parameters, as well as the microclimate conditions of the terraced landscape. Analyses of current climate data (covering the period 1970-2005) and future climate change projections (up to 2100) were completed. Traditional beekeeping infrastructures (bee hives, bee houses, bee gardens) in the abandoned state on the island were recorded, mapped and evaluated in order to set priorities for their future restoration/maintenance. Furthermore, the terraced landscape of Andros and Syros Island were also mapped. The first Greek Land Surveillance Organization was created entitled "Farmers of the Aegean", after the signing of the Collaboration Agreement between the Social Cooperative Enterprise, the Green Fund and the Municipality of Andros "Farmers of the Aegean"

Restoration of the sand dunes at Ramla tat-Torri and maintenance of the protected areas at ix-Xagħra tal-Kortin/ Imġiebaħ

Habitat restoration

Planting of trees and shrubs in various urban gardens and local councils in Malta

Planting of trees and shrubs in various urban gardens and local councils in Malta and Gozo

Providing nature-based recreation, tourism and access to cultural heritage whilst protecting and conserving natural heritage

Nature-based solutions for wastewater treatment in Relais Certosa Hotel

Implemented nature-based solutions (NbS) as green infrastructure through CWs with the horizontal subsurface flow (HF) and vertical subsurface flow (VF) for wastewater treatment (IRIDRA, 2021).

Tree planting project in Lija

During this project trees have been planted in schools located in Malta's main urban centre by hundreds of volunteers, teachers and young students.

Establishing Nature and Heritage Parks in Malta's Grand Harbour areas for nature-based tourism and education

The park promotes ecotourism and nature-based tourism is promoted through the organisation of nature walks and trekking in the surrounding areas. The park experience promotes health and well-being, since visitors can enjoy physical, psychological and spiritual benefit by being closer to nature. Moreover, the planting of trees in the Park helps to mitigate the effects of climate change. (Nature Trust Malta, 2019a, 2019b).

Ocean alive

The project promotes the protection of the ocean through marine education and behavioral transformation by coastal communities. The Ocean Alive project is focused on the Sado estuary, where the marine prairies are the nursery habitat for the prey of a resident population of dolphins and the fish and shellfish of the fishing community. It aims to protect the marine prairies involving women from the fishing community Guardiãs do Mar. Actions take place through a marine education program, awareness campaigns, campaigns focused on collecting marine litter and a program to monitor and assess the impact of the project on the marine prairies.

A roof garden as a community green space in Valletta urban area

Reforestation of the Ta' Qali national park

Planting of trees and shrubs in various urban gardens and local councils in Gozo

Planting of trees and shrubs in various urban gardens and local councils in Malta and Gozo

Community Rooftop Garden of Via Gandusio

The community roof garden (250 m2) was set up with the scope of creating a meeting point for the community where food production is the link between neighbours to share knowledge, culture and experiences (Naturvation project, 2020) about sustainable living.

Establishing Nature and Heritage Parks in Malta's Grand Harbour areas for nature-based tourism and education

The park promotes ecotourism and nature-based tourism is promoted through the organisation of nature walks and trekking in the surrounding areas. The park experience promotes health and well-being, since visitors can enjoy physical, psychological and spiritual benefit by being closer to nature. Moreover, the planting of trees in the Park helps to mitigate the effects of climate change. (Nature Trust Malta, 2019a, 2019b).

Restoration of the Camargue's Former Saltworks

The former saltworks restoration project can serve as a good example of how humans can help reverse a disturbance through adaptive restoration until nature can regain its functionality and restore its resilience. As the site is adjacent to a large wetland complex including the National Nature Reserve of the Camargue, this restoration project has set crucial management objectives to improve the connectivity between the lagoons and the sea. In particular, the restoration is based on reconnecting natural water flows (thus diminishing the salt concentration) and allowing spontaneous colonisation by wildlife. (Tour du Valat, 2018).

Conservation of maquis vegetation

Tree planting project in Blata l-Bajda, Ħamrun

During this project trees have been planted in schools located in Malta's main urban centre by hundreds of volunteers, teachers and young students

Beyond a Construction Site

The Beyond a Construction Site project consists of a small neighbourhood campaign where, in August 2010, members of two non-profit cultural organizations, Bunker and KUD Obrat, collaborated to transform a derelict building site into 25 vegetable plots with the help of local residents. (INHERIT, 2017). Noting the relevance of urban, community green spaces in promoting solidarity, diminishing health inequalities, and encouraging adherence to adequate nutrition and sustainability, the two organizations planned to change an abandoned construction site into a shared community space. After establishing the ownership of the plot (in this case, the Municipality of Ljubljana), the NGOs forwarded printed and verbal invitations to all interested parties, and especially to the residents of the Tabor neighborhood, to participate in the planning, design, and usage of the site. Rules for managing the site were developed in association with all the initial participants, in which, after signing a membership agreement, the community members concerned agreed to assume responsibility for their own allotment. Members were handed keys to the garden. Apart from the urban farming initiative, the site began to host a number of workshops and community activities focussing on sustainable urban agriculture

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